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The Ruff Degradation and Kiliani-Fischer Synthesis

…radical. (Advanced) References and Further Reading Ueber das Cyanhydrin der Lävulose Heinrich Kiliani Ber. 1885, 18 (2), 3066-3072 DOI: 10.1002/cber.188501802249 Reduction von Säuren der Zuckergruppe Emil Fischer Ber. 1889, 22…

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The Cope Elimination

…state also dictates that the elimination occur with syn stereochemistry. Zur Einwirkung von Wasserstoffsuperoxyd auf Fettamine Mamlock R. Wolffenstein Chem. Ber. 1900, 33 (1), 159-161 DOI: 10.1002/cber.19000330120 The thermolysis of…

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Reducing Sugars

…Fehlings and Tollens’ Tests: Three Visual “Tests” For The Presence of Aldehydes Reducing Sugars: Sugars With A Hemiacetal Functional Group Give Positive Tests Since They Are In Equilibrium With An…

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The Hofmann and Curtius Rearrangements

…rearrangement reactions that share a common mechanistic step. [as do the Beckmann and Wolff rearrangements – see bonus topic 2] In the Hofmann rearrangement, an amide is treated with bromine…

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Birch Reduction

…the reduction of aromatics by Na+NH3, which has since come to bear his name. The Birch Reduction of Aromatic Compounds Rabideau, Peter W.; Marcinow, Zbigniew Org. React. 1992, 42, 1-334…

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The Hofmann Elimination

…3. The “Hofmann Degradation” Back in 1851, not many techniques for analyzing complex molecules were available. One method for determining the structure of an unknown compound was to break it…

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