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Nucleophilicity of Amines

…a publication. Nucleophilic Reactivities of Primary and Secondary Amines in Acetonitrile Tanja Kanzian, Tobias A. Nigst, Andreas Maier, Stefan Pichl, Herbert Mayr J. Org. Chem. 2009, 36, 6379-6385 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900925…

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Why are halogens ortho- para- directors?

Why are halogens ortho-, para- directors? All activating groups are also ortho-, para- directors. Halogens (F, Cl, Br, I) are notable in that they are deactivating ortho-, para- directors. Why?…

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Understanding Ortho, Para, and Meta Directors

Ortho-, Para– and Meta– Directors In Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution (EAS), some substituents on benzene will direct the electrophile E to the ortho– (1,2)and para– (1,4) positions. These are called, “ortho,…

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The Michael Addition Reaction and Conjugate Addition

…enolates, amines, thiolates [RS(-)], enamines and dialkylcuprates (“Gilman reagents”) Grignard reagents do not perform conjugate addition; they add to carbonyl carbons instead (“1,2-addition”), as do organolithium reagents and LiAlH4. Table…

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