Palladium on Carbon (Pd/C) for Catalytic Hydrogenation of Alkenes
…face of the alkene. This is known as syn addition (in contrast to anti addition where the two new bonds form on opposite faces of the alkene). For example, the…
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Success Stories: How Nathan Aced Organic Chemistry (Without It Taking Over His Life)
…example is one asking for me to draw an energy diagram of the reactant and two products formed using conjugated alkenes. This tested my ability to understand kinetic vs. thermodynamic…
Read moreIn Summary: Free Radicals
…of the most common classes of free-radical reactions is free-radical substitution. Here is an example of the reaction between methane and Cl2: 2. Homolytic Cleavage And “Single-Barbed” Curved Arrows Unlike…
Read moreOsO4 (Osmium Tetroxide) for Dihydroxylation of Alkenes
…vicinal diols can undergo oxidative cleavage with various reagents to break a C-C bond and form two new C-O (pi) bonds. The most commonly used reagents for these purposes are…
Read morem-CPBA (meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid)
…source of the oxygen in the new epoxide Epoxidation of alkenes with m-CPBA is an example of a stereospecific reaction. The configuration of atoms about the C–C bond is always…
Read moreHydroboration Oxidation of Alkenes
…known as an olefin) with a borane (a neutral molecule containing a B-H bond). This results in an organoborane compound, which is generally not isolated but instead immediately treated with…
Read moreOxymercuration Demercuration of Alkenes
…Flip 3. The Mechanism of Oxymercuration Goes Through A 3-Membered “Mercurinium Ion” The first step of oxymercuration results in a new organomercury compound with a C-Hg bond. Unlike many compounds…
Read moreHalogenation of Alkenes and Halohydrin Formation
…with, which means we won’t discuss it further here. [Note 2] This reaction is the basis of a common test used in teaching laboratories, the bromine water test. Molecular bromine…
Read moreAlkene Addition Pattern #1: The “Carbocation Pathway”
…proceed through the same key steps. They all share the same pattern of regioselectivity and stereoselectivity. Learn one mechanism, learn them all! https://www.masterorganicchemistry.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/Carbocation-pathway.mp4 There’s one last wrinkle with this family…
Read morePlanning Organic Synthesis With “Reaction Maps”
…at picking the fastest routes between starting materials and final products. PS Here’s the map I put together in a hotel room in Beirut, Lebanon after reading through Cram’s “Elements…
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