Intramolecular Friedel-Crafts Reactions
…product? No new concepts! Same pattern of bonds that form and break. But if you haven’t seen an example like this before, it might throw you completely off your memorized…
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Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution (NAS)
…generally not energetically favorable, this is compensated by the fact that it restores aromaticity. [UPDATE: In the comments, Matt brings up a very interesting recent study that suggests that some…
Read moreConversion of acid chlorides to aldehydes using LiAlH(O-tBu)3
…Members only. To get access to this page, plus over 1500 quizzes, the Reaction Encyclopedia, Org 1 / Org 2 summary sheets, and flashcards, sign up here for only 30…
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Read moreAssigning Cahn-Ingold-Prelog (CIP) Priorities (2) – The Method of Dots
…Centers, Multiple Bonds, And Isotopes? This post is about some of the further complications we see in assigning priorities. For example, how do you assign priorities in the following cases:…
Read moreEAS Reactions (3) – Friedel-Crafts Acylation and Friedel-Crafts Alkylation
…chloride (AlCl3) is often used, but FeCl3 and other Lewis acids will also do the job. Here’s a general example of the Friedel-Crafts acylation: A specific example is the reaction…
Read moreNucleophilicity of Amines
…vs. Nucleophilicity How Acidity/Basicity Is Measured vs. How Nucleophilicity Is Measured Some Rules Of Thumb For Comparing Basicity and Nucleophilicity A Good First Approximation: “The Stronger The Base, The Stronger…
Read moreElectrophilic Aromatic Substitutions (1) – Halogenation of Benzene
…of an oxidant is used to convert I2 to I+ . A common example cited is HNO3, which in the presence of additional acid (e.g. H2SO4) is a source of…
Read moreElectrophilic Aromatic Substitutions (2) – Nitration and Sulfonation
…giant in computational Physical Organic chemistry. This is a computational study of aromatic sulfonation that attempts to clarify the mechanism. Computational modeling shows that a trimolecular reaction with 2 SO3…
Read moreCarbohydrates Practice
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