…formal charge) Common Mistakes: Formal Charges Can Mislead A Key Skill: How to Calculate Formal Charge Nucleophiles and Electrophiles The Most Important Question To Ask When Learning a New Reaction…
Read more…the true electron densities of a molecule, which are based on a combination of electronegativity and resonance. When trying to understand a new reaction, apply electronegativity to understand electron densities…
Read more…Examples 2 and 3 show CBz protection. Example 4 shows a Boc deprotection of the amine under acidic conditions which leaves the CBz protected amine unaffected. Example 5 shows removal…
Read more…first example is a 4pi electrocyclic ring closure under photochemical conditions. The second example is a 4pi electrocyclic ring opening. The third example is a 4 pi electrocyclic ring opening….
Read more…bond is broken. In the second example, we treat an anhydride with an alkoxide and form a new ester. A C-O bond is formed and a C-O bond is broken….
Read more…to carbon. If the two new single bonds to carbon are identical, then an addition reaction will form only one constitutional isomer. In hydrogenation, for example, two new C-H bonds…
Read more…The first example gives two disubstituted alkenes, which should be about equal in stability. The second example has a 1,2-product with a trisubstituted alkene and a 1,4-product with a tetrasubstituted…
Read more…Nomenclature (free sample download ) – How to name organic compounds – Functional group priorities – Applying the chain length rule – Identifying substituents – The lowest locant rule –…
Read more…an elimination product in a concerted reaction. Notes: Many other oxidants can be used (e.g. m-CPBA). The amine has to be tertiary, otherwise undesired side-reactions will occur. Examples: Notes: Example…
Read more…different structure, properties… and appetites. Here’s an example of a reaction which doesn’t fit the normal “two-step” pattern. Treating a ketone with acid and Br2 gives…. a new C-Br bond…
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