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What’s a Transition State?

…An intermediate is a species at an energy minimum in a reaction coordinate, and is (in theory) isolable. Carbocations and free-radicals are examples of intermediates. Transition State = The Point…

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How to Get An A In Organic Chemistry

…my own afterwards. Working with another class mate. Coming up with games to help cement the information. For example my girlfriend and i made a synthesis game where we started…

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Equilibrium and Energy Relationships

quiz below, fill out the complete tables with the information provided: Click to Flip 7. Application – Alkene Reactions Here’s another example which comes up near the beginning of organic…

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Reagent Friday: Raney Nickel

Guide”, available here as a downloadable PDF. The Reagents App is also available for iPhone, click on the icon below! Image credit (Advanced) References And Further Reading CYCLIC KETONES FROM…

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Reagent Friday: Sodium (Na)

…You can read about the chemistry of Na and more than 80 other reagents in undergraduate organic chemistry in the “Organic Chemistry Reagent Guide”, available here as a downloadable PDF….

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3 Factors That Stabilize Carbocations

…gas phase. The numbers agree with intuition from solution-phase experiments; stability increases from methyl -> ethyl -> isopropyl -> t-butyl. Quantitative preparation and enthalpy of rearrangement of the sec-butyl cation…

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What makes a good leaving group?

…portion of a pKa table should be an excellent guide to the best leaving groups. The conjugate bases of strong acids, such as I(-), Br(-), Cl(-), HOSO3(-), TsO(-), H2O, and

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