…hydrate formation, hemiacetal formation can happen under basic, neutral or acidic conditions. Basic conditions [RO– , ROH] provide another example of the classic “two-step” addition-protonation mechanism so common to these…
Read more…note – in a large map such as this, compromises had to be made: it is impossible to maintain complete self-consistency between all the structures drawn for each functional group…
Read moreA kludge, as commonly defined, is a workaround – an inelegant, quick and dirty solution to a problem. Miles Glacier Bridge Damage (and kludge) 1984 -(Wikipedia) When I’m teaching a…
Read more…reaction mixture is kept cold. It will also reduce other carbonyl compounds such as amides, aldehydes, ketones, and nitriles. Table of Contents Di-isobutyl Aluminum Hydride (DIBAL) Reduction of Esters to…
Read moreLast week Diana left this comment: I recently had my first orgo exam and one of the concepts that I have trouble visceralizing is Hammond’s Postulate. I can follow the…
Read more…An intermediate is a species at an energy minimum in a reaction coordinate, and is (in theory) isolable. Carbocations and free-radicals are examples of intermediates. Transition State = The Point…
Read more…test, I would get psyched out. Practice STRENGTHS right before the test. This will build CONFIDENCE. Roll with the Punches: This class is tough and there were concepts that proved…
Read more…in Org 1/ Org 2. Version 1.2 just got released, with a host of corrections and a new page index. What it’s used for: PCC is a milder version of…
Read moreReagents is a new app for iPhone and iPad that gives you all the key information about the most commonly encountered reagents in undergraduate organic chemistry courses. Here’s the key…
Read more…We can use pKa to estimate the equilibrium constants for acid-base reactions. A handy rule of thumb for an acid-base reaction is that if the acid and the conjugate acid…
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